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Manuel Pereira, or, The Sovereign rule of South Carolina, with views of southern laws, life, and hospitality. Adams, F. Colburn.
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SEWING MACHINES.

The following article, which is copied from the New York Tribune of the 27th of November, gives a description of the various Sewing Machines in existence, and accords to Dr. Avery's machine the preference over all others:

"Tailors and seamstresses contend that the sewing done by machinery is not substantial. We think this is an erroneous opinion. It seems to us, on careful examination, to be as strong and durable as is necessary; moreover, it is done more evenly and regularly than by hand.

"We have examined six Sewing Machines, viz:
  • "1. That of Elias Howe, jr., patented September, 1846, sold for $125.
  • "2. That of I. M. Singer, sold for $125.
  • "3. That of A. B. Wilson, patented November, 1850.
  • "4. That of J. M. Magnin—a French invention.
  • "5. That of Morey & Johnson, of Massachusetts.
  • "6. That of Dr. Otis Avery, patented October, 1852, sold for $25. [Sold by Charles Nettleton, 251 Broadway, New York.]

"Mr. Howe's is the first practical Sewing Machine invented; he considers that the others infringe upon his patent, and threatens to sue their purchasers accordingly. He uses two threads, and an accurate idea of his seam will be formed by twisting two threads together, and imagining them so disposed as that the point where they cross each other is always in the cloth—one of them forming the visible portion of the stitch on one side, and the other on the other. The machines of Singer, Wilson, and Morey & Johnston, use needles of a kind different from Howe's, but produce the same stitch as his. Of these four, all are equally correct and good in respect to mechanical principles; but, as they differ widely in many particulars—one being vertical, and another horizontal; one carrying its own cloth, and another requiring that it should be carried by hand—actual trial can only decide which is the best for practical use; and such a trial we have not had the opportunity of witnessing. We have, however, seen shirts, pantaloons, coats, and Morocco shoes, made by them, and have thoroughly tried the strength of the seams, and have found them satisfactory. In most if not all cases, the material would give way and tear, but the sewing would not rip. The perfect regularity of the stitches made by these machines renders them very useful for fancy work like shirt-bosoms. For an inch of seam, three inches of thread are used. A person with a machine will do from five to ten times as much work as with the needle. In several large shops they are used, and many persons wear garments made by them, without a suspicion of the fact.

Magnin's machine operates with a single thread, and produces what is known as the tambour stitch. It may do you for embroidery and has oven been arranged with several needles, and used for that purpose, but it is worth nothing for sewing. Its principal defects are, that when one stitch is broken, the whole seam will unravel; that it requires eight inches of thread for every inch of sewing; and that in fancy work it gives different results on the two sides of cloth.

Dr. Avery's machine, exhibited here at the Fair of the American Institute, is completely original—its features and arrangements not being borrowed from those of other inventors. It operates with two needles and two threads, which it interlocks in something like a tambour stitch. We have examined its work with great care, and have cut every other stitch on one side of the cloth, and still have found the seam quite as strong as any other, having none of the defects of the ordinary tambour stitch. It uses more, thread than either of the other American machines, but less than the French. In respect to rapidity of work, we think there is no great difference. The great advantages of Avery's machine are its more simple mechanism and its great cheapness. For household use, these are of great importance. In respect to price, we judge that the machines now sold for $125 will have to come down very considerably before they are extensively adopted by the community.—New York Tribune.

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SEWING MACHINES.

The following article, which is copied from the New York Tribune of the 27th of November, gives a description of the various Sewing Machines in existence, and accords to Dr. Avery's machine the preference over all others:

"Tailors and seamstresses contend that the sewing done by machinery is not substantial. We think this is an erroneous opinion. It seems to us, on careful examination, to be as strong and durable as is necessary; moreover, it is done more evenly and regularly than by hand.

"We have examined six Sewing Machines, viz:
  • "1. That of Elias Howe, jr., patented September, 1846, sold for $125.
  • "2. That of I. M. Singer, sold for $125.
  • "3. That of A. B. Wilson, patented November, 1850.
  • "4. That of J. M. Magnin—a French invention.
  • "5. That of Morey & Johnson, of Massachusetts.
  • "6. That of Dr. Otis Avery, patented October, 1852, sold for $25. [Sold by Charles Nettleton, 251 Broadway, New York.]

"Mr. Howe's is the first practical Sewing Machine invented; he considers that the others infringe upon his patent, and threatens to sue their purchasers accordingly. He uses two threads, and an accurate idea of his seam will be formed by twisting two threads together, and imagining them so disposed as that the point where they cross each other is always in the cloth—one of them forming the visible portion of the stitch on one side, and the other on the other. The machines of Singer, Wilson, and Morey & Johnston, use needles of a kind different from Howe's, but produce the same stitch as his. Of these four, all are equally correct and good in respect to mechanical principles; but, as they differ widely in many particulars—one being vertical, and another horizontal; one carrying its own cloth, and another requiring that it should be carried by hand—actual trial can only decide which is the best for practical use; and such a trial we have not had the opportunity of witnessing. We have, however, seen shirts, pantaloons, coats, and Morocco shoes, made by them, and have thoroughly tried the strength of the seams, and have found them satisfactory. In most if not all cases, the material would give way and tear, but the sewing would not rip. The perfect regularity of the stitches made by these machines renders them very useful for fancy work like shirt-bosoms. For an inch of seam, three inches of thread are used. A person with a machine will do from five to ten times as much work as with the needle. In several large shops they are used, and many persons wear garments made by them, without a suspicion of the fact.

Magnin's machine operates with a single thread, and produces what is known as the tambour stitch. It may do you for embroidery and has oven been arranged with several needles, and used for that purpose, but it is worth nothing for sewing. Its principal defects are, that when one stitch is broken, the whole seam will unravel; that it requires eight inches of thread for every inch of sewing; and that in fancy work it gives different results on the two sides of cloth.

Dr. Avery's machine, exhibited here at the Fair of the American Institute, is completely original—its features and arrangements not being borrowed from those of other inventors. It operates with two needles and two threads, which it interlocks in something like a tambour stitch. We have examined its work with great care, and have cut every other stitch on one side of the cloth, and still have found the seam quite as strong as any other, having none of the defects of the ordinary tambour stitch. It uses more, thread than either of the other American machines, but less than the French. In respect to rapidity of work, we think there is no great difference. The great advantages of Avery's machine are its more simple mechanism and its great cheapness. For household use, these are of great importance. In respect to price, we judge that the machines now sold for $125 will have to come down very considerably before they are extensively adopted by the community.—New York Tribune.

THE AMERICAN PHRENOLOGICAL JOURNAL.

PROSPECTUS FOR VOL. XVII. FOR 1853.

PHRENOLOGY, the science of MIND, includes in its wide domain a knowledge of all the faculties, passions, and powers of the HUMAN SOUL: all the bodily organism over which the soul presides, with its structure and functions; and all the realm of nature to which man is related, and with which he should live in harmony. It includes a knowledge of man and his relations to God and to the Universe. It is thus a central and comprehensive science, beginning with the CONSTITUTION OF MAN, and ending with all his possible relations, SPIRITUAL and MATERIAL. It is thus that SELF-KNOWLEDGE is the basis of all knowledge.

THE PHRENOLOGICAL JOURNAL, therefore, has a sphere that is universal. All philosophy, all science, all art, all the details of practical life, are legitimate subjects of discussion in its columns. From this vast field we aim to select the most important, useful and interesting matters.

We shall illustrate the varieties of cerebral development by spirited and truthful engravings of striking specimens of Human Nature, in its highest, and lowest, its harmonious and discordant, its symmetrical and grotesque developments.

PSYCHOLOGY, OR THE SCIENCE OF THE SOUL, vague as it now is in its terms, uncertain in its facts, and indefinite in its conclusions, must still be to every inquiring mind a subject of intense interest. This subject will be carefully examined.

YOUNG MEN about launching forth upon the activities of life, and anxious to start right, and understand their course, will find the Journal a friend and monitor, to encourage them to virtue, shield them from vice, and to prepare them for usefulness and success in life. The various occupations will be discussed in the light of Phrenology and Physiology, so that every one may know in what pursuit he would be most likely to succeed.

THE NATURAL SCIENCES, Art, Literature, Mechanism, Agriculture, and General Intelligence, will constitute an essential feature for 1853.

THE MECHANIC, the Farmer, the Professional Man, the Student, the Teacher, and the Parent, will find each number of the Journal an instructive and valuable companion.

THE PHRENOLOGICAL JOURNAL is published on the first of every month, in quarto form, suitable for binding, amply illustrated with engravings, at ONE DOLLAR A YEAR, in advance, by FOWLERS and WELLS, Clinton Hall, 131 Nassau Street, New York.

"This excellent Journal is doing more to benefit mankind than all the gold-diggers in the two hemispheres. It is only One Dollar per year, and is worth ten times that in any family."—Cleveland Commercial.

FOWLERS AND WELLS have all works on Phrenology, Physiology, Hydropathy, Phonography, and the Natural Sciences generally. AGENTS WANTED in every County.

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THE WORKS OF WILLIAM H. SEWARD,

EDITED BY GEORGE E. BAKER.

In Three Vols. 8vo, Cloth—PRICE $2.50 per Vol.

The Volumes will contain a finely-engraved Portrait of Gov. SEWARD, and other illustrations.

CONTENTS OF VOL. 1.

  • Speeches and Debates in the Senate of New York.—The Militia System—Bank of the United States—Removal of the Deposites—Election of Mayors by the People—Prison Discipline—Corporations—Colonial History of New York, &c.
  • Speeches and Debates in Senate of United States.—Freedom in the New Territories, in District of Columbia, in New Mexico, in Europe—French Spoliations—Kessuth—Exiles of Ireland—American Steam Navigation—Eulogies on Henry Clay and Daniel Webster—Survey of Arctic and Pacific Oceans—The Fisheries—Father Matthew—Sir John Franklin—Amin Bey—New York Mint—Peon Slavery—The Public Lands—Internal Improvements—Fugitive Slave Law—Catlin's Indian Gallery, &c.
  • Forensic Arguments.—The Freedom of the Press, Cooper vs. Greeley—Defence of William Freeman—Patent Cases—Fugitive Slave Law.

CONTENTS OF VOL. II.

  • Notes on New York.—Government—Education—The Clergy—The Legal and Medical Professions—Internal Improvements—Political History, &c.
  • Annual Messages to the Legislature.—1839, 1840, 1841, 1842—Internal Improvements—Enlargement of Canal—Railroads—Education—Immigration—Legal Reform—The Currency—Free Banking—Prison Discipline—Anti-rent Troubles. &c.
  • Special Messages.—Virginia Controversy—Georgia do.—South Carolina do.—M'Leod Case—Suppressed Veto Message of New York Registry Law, &c.
  • Official Correspondence.—Virginia Controversy—M'Leod do.—Letters to General Harrison, Daniel Webster, John Quincy Adams, Widow of General Harrison, &c.
  • Pardon Papers.—Case of W. L. M'Kenzie—Thomas Topping—John C. Colt—Benjamin Rathbun, &c.
  • Political Writings.—Address of Republican Convention, 1824—Address of Minority of Members of Legislature, 1831—Do., 1832—Do., 1834—Do., 1837, &c.

CONTENTS OF VOL. III.

  • Orations and Discourses.—Eulogy on Lafayette, 1834—Oration on Daniel O'Connell—Oration on John Quincy Adams—Discourse on Education, 1887—Do. on Agriculture, 1842—Ireland and Irishmen, 1844—True Greatness of our Country—Farms and Farmers, 1862, &c.
  • Occasional Speeches and Addresses.—The Union, 1825—For Greece, 1827—Sunday Schools, 1839—Croton Celebration—John Quincy Adams, 1843—Cleveland Speech, 1848—St. Patrick's Dinner—Elections—Internal Improvements, &c.
  • General Correspondence.—Letters to William Jay, Gen. Gaines, E. C. Delavan, Daniel Webster, Henry Clay, John Quincy Adams, Thomas Ewing, Thomas Clarkson, (England,) Bishop Hughes, John C. Spencer, Rev. Dr. Nott, Lewis Gaylord Clark, Silas Wright, Luther Bradish, Gerrit Smith, James Bowen, George Bliss, H. C. Westervelt, Boston Convention, 1851, St. Patrick's Society, &c.
  • Letters from Europe.—Nos. 1 to 68. England, Scotland, Ireland, France, &c.

Just published by J. S. REDFIELD, 110 and 112 Nassau St., New York.

MANUEL PEREIRA; OR, The Sovereign Rule of South Carolina. WITH VIEWS OF SOUTHERN LAWS, LIFE, AND HOSPITALITY.

BY

F. C. ADAMS.

WRITTEN IN CHARLESTON, SOUTH CAROLINA.

WASHINGTON, D. C.: BUELL & BLANCHARD. 1853.

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Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1853, by BUELL & BLANCHARD, in the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the District of Columbia.

CONTENTS.

INTRODUCTION.

OUR generous friends in Georgia and South Carolina will not add among their assumptions that we know nothing of the South and Southern life. A residence of several years in those States, a connection with the press, and associations in public life, gave us opportunities which we did not lose, and have not lost sight of; and if we dipped deeper into the vicissitudes of life and law than they gave us credit for at the time, we trust they will pardon us, on the ground of interest in the welfare of the South.

Perhaps we should say, to support the true interests of the South, we should and must abandon many of those errors we so strenuously supported in years past; and thus we have taken up the subject of our book, based upon the practical workings of an infamous law, which we witnessed upon the individual whose name forms a part of the title.

Imprisoning a shipwrecked sailor, and making it a penal offence for a freeman to come within the limits of a republican State, whether voluntarily or involuntarily, seems to be considered commonplace, instead of barbarous in South Carolina. This may be accounted for by the fact that the power of a minority, created in wrong, requiring barbarous expedients to preserve itself intact, becomes an habitual sentiment, which usage makes right.

This subject has been treated with indifference, even by the press, which has satisfied itself in discussing the abstract right as a question of law, rather than by disclosing the sufferings page: 4-5[View Page 4-5] ferings of those who endure the wrong and injustice. When we are called upon to support, and are made to suffer the penalty of laws founded in domestic fear, and made subservient to various grades of injustice, it becomes our duty to localize the wrong, and to point out the odium which attaches to the State that enacts such laws of oppression.

A "peculiar-institution" absorbs and takes precedence of every thing; its protection has become a sacred element of legislative and private action; and fair discussion is looked upon as ominous, and proclaimed as incendiary. But we speak for those who owe no allegiance to that delicate institution; citizens to all intents and, purposes (notwithstanding their dark skins) of the countries to which they severally belong; peaceable persons, pursuing their avocations, to provide a respectable maintenance for their families, and worthy of the same protective rights claimed by the more fortunate citizens of such countries. In doing this we shall give a practical illustration of the imprisonment of four individuals in South Carolina, and ask those who speculate in the abstract science of State sovereignty, to reflect upon the issue of that lamentable injustice which inflicts punishment upon persons guiltless of crime. We prefer to be plain, and we know our Southern friends will not accuse us of misconstruction, for we have their interests at heart, as well as the cause of humanity, which we shall strive to promote, in spite of the struggles of modern barbarism, seeking to perpetuate itself. Fear, the inventor of such pretexts as are set up, and mantled in Southern modesty, must remodel its code for South Carolinians, before it can assert a power unknown to law, or trample upon the obligations of treaty, or enforce nullification of individual rights.

CHARLESTON, S. C., July 17,1852.
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